Unequal Wars: The Assyrian Empire against the Phoenician Cities

Authors

  • Jordi Vidal Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.53351/ruhm.v1i1.7

Keywords:

Cavalry, Infantry, Chariotry, Siege Warfare, Ancient Near East

Abstract

This paper aims to analyze the inequality between Assyrian and Phoenician warfare in 9th-7th centuries BCE, paying special attention to strictly military causes.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

  • Jordi Vidal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
    Jordi Vidal (Barcelona 1974). Doctor en Estudios Orientales (Asiriología) por la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona (2004). Actualmente trabaja como investigador Ramón y Cajal en el Departamento de Ciencias de la Antigüedad y de la Edad Media de esa misma universidad. Especialista en Historia de la Guerra en el Próximo Oriente Antiguo, desde 2011 dirige el proyecto de investigación “El impacto de la guerra sobre la población civil en Mesopotamia”, financiado por el Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad. Es autor de numerosos libros y artículos entre los que destacan Studies on War in the Ancient Near East (Münster 2010) o La guerra en la antigüedad desde el presente (Zaragoza 2011), así como la serie de artículos “Ugarit at War”, publicada periódicamente en la revista Ugarit-Forschungen.

References

Michael Czernichow ASTOUR: "The Partition of the Confederacy of Mukiš-Nuḫašše-Nii by Šuppiluliuma", Orientalia, 25 (1969), pp. 381-414.

Leila BADRE: "BEY 003. Preliminary report Excavations of the American University of Beirut Museum 1993-1996", BAAL, 2 (1997), pp. 6-94.

Piero BARTOLONI: "L’esercito, la marina e la guerra”, en Sabatino MOSCATI (ed.), I Fenici, Milán, Gruppo editoriale Fabbri Bompiani, 1988, pp. 132-138.

Juan Antonio BELMONTE: Cuatro estudios sobre los dominios territoriales de las ciudades-estado fenicias, Barcelona, Bellaterra, 2003.

Rykle BORGER: Beiträge zum Inschriftenwerk Assurbanipals: Die Prismenklassen A, B, C = K, D, E, F, G, H, J Und T Sowie Andere Inschriften, Wiesbaden, Otto Harrassowitz, 1996.

Ibídem: Die Inschriften Asarhaddons Königs von Assyrien, Osnabrück, Biblio-Verlag, 1967.

Françoise BRIQUEL-CHATONNET: Les relations entre les cités de la côte phénicienne et les royaumes d’Israël et de Juda, Lovaina, Peeters Publishers, 1992.

Giovanni BRIZZI: "L'Armée et la guerre", en Véronique KRINGS (ed.), La civilisation phénicienne & punique, Leiden-Nueva York-Colonia, Brill Academic Publishers, 1995, pp. 303-315.

Guy BUNNENS: "L'histoire événementielle partim Orient", en Véronique KRINGS (ed.), La civilisation phénicienne & punique, Leiden-Nueva York, Colonia, Brill Academic Publishers, 1995, pp. 222-236.

Sernea M. CECCHINI: "Architecture militaire, civile et domestique partim Orient", en Véronique KRINGS (ed.), La civilisation phénicienne & punique, Leiden-Nueva York-Colonia, Brill Academic Publishers, 1995, pp. 389-396.

Mordechai COGAN: The Raging Torrent. Historical Inscriptions from Assyria and Babilonia Relating to Ancient Israel, Jerusalén, Carta, 2008.

Frank M. CROSS: "Newly-Discovered Inscribed Arrowheads of the Eleventh Century B.C.E.", en Avraham BIRAN y Joseph AVIRAM (eds.), Biblical Archaeology Today, 1990: Proceedings of the International Congress on Biblical Archaeology, Jerusalén, Israel Exploration Society, 1993, pp. 533-542.

Sandrine CROUZET: "Le mercenaire", en José-Ángel ZAMORA (ed.), El hombre fenicio: estudios y materiales, Roma, CSIC-Escuela Española de Historia y Arqueología en Roma, 2003, pp. 79-88.

Stephanie DALLEY: "Foreign Chariotry and Cavalry in the Armies of Tiglath-Pileser III and Sargon II", Iraq, 47 (1985), pp. 31-48.

Robert DEUTSCH y Michael L. HELTZER: West Semitic Epigraphic News of the 1st Millennium BCE, Tel Aviv, Archaeological Center Publications, 1999.

Paul-Eugène DION (1997): Les araméens à l’Âge du Fer: Histoire politique et structures sociales, París, J. Gabalda, 1997.

Rudolf H. DORNEMANN: "Qarqur, Tell", en Eric M. MEYERS (ed.): The Oxford Encyclopedia of Archaeology in the Near East (vol. 4), Nueva York-Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1997 pp. 370-371.

Peter DUBOVSKÝ: "Tiglath-pileser III’s Campaigns in 734-732 B.C.: Historical Background of Isa 7; 2 Kgs 15-16 and 2 Chr 27-28", Biblica, 87 (2006), pp. 153-170.

René DUSSAUD: Topographie historique de la Syrie antique et médiévale, París, Presses de l'Ifpo, 1927.

Mifratz ELAT: "The Campaign of Shalmaneser III Against Aram and Israel", Israel Exploration Journal, 25 (1975), pp. 25-35.

Josette ELAYI: "Les cités phéniciennes et l’empire assyrien a l’époque d’Assurbanipal", Revue d’Assyriologie, 77 (1983), pp. 45-58.

Frederick Mario FALES: Guerre et paix en Assyrie: Religion et impérialisme, París, CERF, 2009.

Uwe FINKBEINER: "BEY 020 – The Iron Age Fortification", Aram, 13-14 (2001-2002), pp. 27-36.

Eckart FRAHM: Einleitung in die Sanherib-Inschriften, Viena, Institut für Orientalistik, 1997.

Andres FUCHS: Die Inschriften Sargons II. aus Khorsabad, Gotinga, Cuvillier Verlag, 1994.

Francisco GRACIA ALONSO: "Análisis táctico de las fortificaciones ibéricas", Gladius, 20 (2000), pp. 131-170.

Sigurdur HAFTHÓRSSOM: A Passing Power. An Examination of the Sources for the History of Aram-Damascus in the Second Half of the Ninth Centurt B.C., Estocolmo, Almquiest & Wiksell, 2006.

Zeev HERZOG: "Settlement and Fortification Planning in the Iron Age", en Aharon KEMPINSKI y Ronny REICH (eds.), The Architecture of Ancient Israel, Jerusalén, Israel Exploration Society, 1992, pp. 231-274.

Peter JABLONKA: "Stratigraphy and architecture", BAAL, 2 (1997), pp. 114-166.

Ruth JACOBY: "The Representation and Identification of Cities on Assyrian Reliefs", Israel Exploration Journal 41 (1991), pp. 112-131.

H. Jacob KATZENSTEIN: The History of Tyre: From the Beginning of the Second Millenium B.C.E. Until the Fall of the Neo-Babylonian Empire in 538 B.C.E, Jerusalén, Ben-Gurion University, 1997.

Lawrence KEELEY, Marisa FONTANA y Russell QUICK: "Baffles and Bastions: The Universal Features of Fortifications", Journal of Archaeological Research, 15 (2007), pp. 55-95.

Guy KESTEMONT: "Tyr et les assyriens", en Eric GUBEL, Edward LIPIŃSKI y Brigitte SERVAIS-SOYEZ (eds.), Histoire phénicienne, Lovaina, Peeters, 1983, pp. 53-78.

Wilfred G. LAMBERT: "Portion of Inscribed Stela of Sargon II, King of Assyria", en Oscar White MUSCARELLA (ed.), Ladders to Heaven. Art Treasures from Lands of the Bible, Toronto, McClelland and Stewart, 1981, pp. 125.

André LEMAIRE: "Joas de Samarie, Barhadad de Damas, Zakkur de Hamat. La Syrie-Palestine vers 800 av. J.-C.", Eretz-Israel, 24 (1993), pp. 148-157.

Edward LIPIŃSKI: On the Skirts of Canaan in the Iron Age, Lovaina, Peeters, 2006.

Ibídem: The Aramaeans. Their Ancient History, Culture, Religion, Lovaina, Peeters, 2000.

Tariq MADHLOUM: "Assyrian Siege-Engines", Sumer, 21 (1965), pp. 9-15.

Walter MAYER: Politik und Kriegskunst der Assyrer, Münster, Ugarit-Verlag, 1995.

Alan Ralph MILLARD: The Eponyms of the Assyrian Empire 910-612 BC, Helsinki, Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project, 1994.

Sabatino MOSCATI: I Fenici e Cartagine, Turín, Unione tipografico-editrice torinese, 1972.

Nadav NA’AMAN: Ancient Israel and Its Neighbors, Winona Lake, Eisenbrauns, 2005.

Bustanay ODED: "The Phoenician Cities and the Assyrian Empire in the Time of Tiglath-pileser III", Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins, 90 (1974), pp. 38-49.

Marco de ODORICO: The Use of Numbers and Quantifications in the Assyrian Royal Inscriptions, Helsinki, Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project, 1995.

Albert Ten Eyck OLMSTEAD: "Shalmaneser III and the Establishment of the Assyrian Power", Journal of the American Oriental Society, 41 (1921), pp. 345-382.

Barbara PARKER: "Nimrud Tablets, 1956 – Economic and Legal Texts from the Nabu Temple", Iraq, 19 (1957), pp. 125-138.

Giovanni PETTINATO: "I rapporti politici di Tiro con l’Assiria alla luce del “Trattato tra Asarhaddon e Baal", Rivista di Studi Fenici, 3 (1975), pp. 145-160.

Wayne T. PITARD: Ancient Damascus: A Historical Study of the Syrian City-State from Earliest Times Until Its Fall to the Assyrians in 732 B.C.E., Winona Lake, Eisenbrauns, 1987.

Hélène S. SADER: Les états araméens de Syrie depuis leur foundation jusqu’à leur transformation en provinces assyriennes, Beirut, Beiruter Texte Und Studien, 1987.

Ibídem: "Quel était l’ancien nom de Hama-sur-l’Oronte?", Berytus, 34 (1986), pp. 129-134.

Henry William Frederick SAGGS: "Historical Texts and Fragments of Sargon II of Assyria. I. The 'Aššur Charter'", Iraq, 37 (1975), pp. 11-20.

Hayim TADMOR: The Inscriptions of Tiglath-pileser III King of Assyria, Jerusalén, Publications of the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, 1994.

Ibídem: "Que and Muṣri", Israel Exploration Journal, 11 (1961), pp. 143-150.

David USSISHKIN: "Lachish", en Ephraim STERN (ed.), The New Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land, Jerusalén, The Israel Exploration Society & Carta, 1993, pp. 897-911.

Jordi VIDAL: "Ugarit at War (1). The Size and Geographical Origin of the ḫrd-militia", Ugarit-Forschungen, 37 (2005), pp. 653-672.

Juan-Pablo VITA: "El soldado", en José-Ángel ZAMORA (ed.), El hombre fenicio: estudios y materiales, Roma, CSIC-Escuela Española de Historia y Arqueología en Roma, 2003, pp. 69-78.

Ibídem: El ejército de Ugarit, Madrid, CSIC, 1995.

Paolo XELLA: "Les sources cuneiformes", en Véronique KRINGS (ed.), La civilisation phénicienne & punique, Leiden-Nueva York-Colonia, Brill Academic Publishers, 1995, pp. 39-56.

Ibídem: "Forze ármate", en Maria Luisa AMADASI, Corinne BONNET , Serena Maria CECCHINI y Paolo XELLA (eds.), Dizionario della civiltà fenicia, Roma, Gremese, 1992.

Yigail YADIN: The Art of Warfare in Biblical Lands: In the Light of Archaeological Study, Nueva York, McGraw-Hill 1963.

Shigeo YAMADA: The Construction of the Assyrian Empire, Leiden, Brill, 2000.

Marguerite YON: "L'archéologie monumentale partim Orient", en Véronique KRINGS (ed.), La civilisation phénicienne & punique, Leiden-Nueva York-Colonia, Brill Academic Publishers, 1995, pp. 119-131.

Ran ZADOK: "Phoenicians, Philistines, and Moabites in Mesopotamia", Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, 230 (1978), pp. 57-65.

Downloads

Published

2015-05-14

Issue

Section

Estudios

How to Cite

Unequal Wars: The Assyrian Empire against the Phoenician Cities. (2015). Revista Universitaria De Historia Militar, 1(1), 100-116. https://doi.org/10.53351/ruhm.v1i1.7

Similar Articles

1-10 of 65

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.