Los caballeros de la Orden de Malta, 1530-1798. Aspectos de la masculinidad militar-religiosa

Authors

  • Emanuel Buttigieg University of Malta
  • Franco Davies Malta Historical Fencing Association
  • Fleur Brincat University of Malta

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.53351/ruhm.v8i17.569

Keywords:

Hospitalarios, ceremonia de iniciación, género, espadas, ingenieros

Abstract

Los caballeros hospitalarios de la Orden de San Juan de Malta son a menudo representados en poses heroicas que recuerdan fácilmente la imagen de un caballero de brillante armadura. No obstante, su estatus era muy particular. Se trataba de caballeros religiosos, aunque no estaban atados a una vida de encierro monacal. Procedían de entre la élite de la nobleza europea pero se esperaba de ellos que fuesen leales a su orden, si bien es cierto que frecuentemente se ponían al servicio de diversos soberanos europeos. Al mismo tiempo, estos individuos estaban insertos en un determinado ‘régimen hospitalario de género’ definido por la propia pertenencia a la orden, aunque este se trataba de un organismo con bastantes facetas. Así, el presente artículo ahondará en este régimen a través de un estudio de ideas relacionadas con la guerra, la masculinidad, las espadas y los ingenieros militares, todo dentro del contexto de la Orden de Malta. Comenzará con una discusión acerca de cómo la aceptación de un individuo en la orden –generalmente mediante una elaborada ceremonia de iniciación– marcaba un punto de transición para el mismo, pasando de niño a hombre y caballero de San Juan. Durante este ritual se empleaba un determinado número de objetos, siendo el más importante la espada. Al mismo tiempo, algunos hospitalarios sufrían el proceso inverso, el ritual de expulsión de la orden como consecuencia de una falta grave. También aquí, los ideales masculinos eran empleados para subrayar la caída en desgracia del individuo. Estos procedimientos eran esencialmente simbólicos, pero al mismo tiempo reflejaban las realidades que experimentaban los miembros de la orden. El modo en que los hospitalarios se relacionaban con el armamento, especialmente con las espadas, nos dice mucho acerca de universo cultural. Además, el artículo explora también el papel jugado por los ingenieros militares empleados por la orden, que al mismo tiempo solían ser también miembros de la misma, como forma de ilustrar las manifestaciones de la masculinidad en una institución noble, religiosa, militar y hospitalaria como la Orden de San Juan. 

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Author Biographies

  • Emanuel Buttigieg, University of Malta
    Emanuel Buttigieg is a Senior Lecturer in early modern history at the University of Malta. He graduated B.A. (Hons.) at the University of Malta in 2002. During 2003-2004 he was engaged as a Principal Officer at the Office of the Prime Minister of Malta. In 2004 he was awarded a Commonwealth (Cambridge) Scholarship to read for an M.Phil. in early modern history at the University of Cambridge (Peterhouse); he wrote a dissertation about childhood history in early modern Malta. In 2005, he was awarded further scholarships in order to be able to pursue his studies at doctoral level. His Ph.D. dealt with nobility, faith and masculinity in the Order of Malta in the seventeenth century. His doctoral supervisor was Prof Mary Laven (Jesus College). His first book was entitled Nobility, Faith and Masculinity: The Hospitaller Knights of Malta, c.1580-c.1700 (London and New York: Continuum, 2011). Together with Dr Simon Phillips, of the University of Cyprus, he has co-edited Islands and Military Orders, c.1291-c.1798 (Farnham: Ashgate, 2013). He is also the author of several papers in journals and edited books. At present he is Vice-President ex-officio of the Malta University Historical Society (MUHS) and he was a Committee member of the Malta Historical Society (MHS) between 2011 and 2015
  • Franco Davies, Malta Historical Fencing Association
    Franco Davies qualified B.Sc. (Hons.) as a Physiotherapist in 2001 at the University of Malta and is specialised in musculoskeletal medicine in which he is currently reading an M.Sc. with the University of Queen Margaret, UK. He has an active interest in martial arts with over 10 years’ experience in HEMA (Historical European Martial Arts) and has been Secretary of the MHFA (Malta Historical Fencing Association) since it foundation in 2009. This interest led to an M.A. (Melit.) in Hospitaller Studies in 2014 with his research topic being the practical and symbolic dimensions of edged weapons for the Hospitallers, in particular swords. He has since collaborated and authored several papers on the topic. He was Deputy Mayor of Floriana, Malta, between 2007 and 2012, and Secretary to the Malta University Historical Society (MUHS) between 2013 and 2017.
  • Fleur Brincat, University of Malta

    Fleur Brincat is a qualified physiotherapist by profession. In 2010 she read for an M.A. in Baroque Studies, followed in 2014 by an M.A. in Hospitaller Studies at the University of Malta, graduating with distinction in both courses. She has an interest in early modern military engineers and has to date published two papers and a monograph on the French military engineers the Jacob de Tigné and their contribution to Hospitaller Malta. She is currently reading for a Ph.D. with the University of Malta on the French connection with Hospitaller Malta throughout the 18th century, under the supervision of Dr Emanuel Buttigieg and co-supervisor Prof Guy Rowlands from the University of St Andrews.

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Published

2019-12-16

Issue

Vol. 8 No. 17 (2019): Terrorismo de Estado en Latinoamérica durante la segunda mitad del siglo XX

Section

Estudios

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How to Cite

Los caballeros de la Orden de Malta, 1530-1798. Aspectos de la masculinidad militar-religiosa. (2019). Revista Universitaria De Historia Militar, 8(17), 146-173. https://doi.org/10.53351/ruhm.v8i17.569

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